Racism African American Land And African Slave Trade

Racism is a quandary that’s all too familiar in our modern society. It’s an issue that dates back thousands of years and is very much noticeable in American history. Since the domination of Native American land and African Slave Trade, we’ve come a long way, but racism still has a lingering presence and perhaps always will. The years between 1870 and 1900 began the age of segregation. The late 19th century in the US involved the increase of both nativism and racism. White supremacy lasted with traditions, and the nation’s patriotic fervor escalated the antiforeign tone. About ninety percent of blacks still lived in the South, and racist ideology fought to take discriminatory control. These ideas became known as the Jim Crow laws. The phrase â€Å"Jim Crow† characterized every African American, indicating no distinction between them. As immature as it may sound now, the phrase caused severe divisions between the whites and the blacks. â€Å"White On ly† and â€Å"Colored† signs proliferated on many facilities such as parks, theaters, toilets, buses, and drinking fountains. Blacks had to wait in line a lot longer until all whites were served and couldn’t try on clothing or accessories before purchasing them. Just when things couldn’t get worse, even the federal courts have given up on living up to the equality that they so proudly boast. The Supreme Court’s decisions in the Civil Rights Cases of 1883 completely wiped clean the Civil Rights Act of 1875 and continued its discriminatoryShow MoreRelatedLEQ1206 Words   |  5 Pagestime period prior to the development of the Atlantic slave trade and the time period right after its introduction and assess the impact of its emergence. To what extent did African slavery change American society? You may want to consider social, economic, and geographical. Prior to the Atlantic slave trade, the arable land along the South Atlantic seaboard were owned by wealth landowners and farmed primarily by either Native American slaves or white indentured servants. Beginning in the late 16thRead MoreRacism - A History : The Color Of Money1063 Words   |  5 PagesReflection on Documentary: Racism – A History: The Colour of Money Documentary: Racism – A History: The Colour of Money provides a powerful illustration of the historical origins and basis of institutionalized racism. The six short episodes explore and chronicle centuries of European attitudes and practices regarding race and the transatlantic slave trade of Africans. It underscores how economics served as the driving force behind slavery. The documentary highlights that although slavery existedRead MoreAfrican People s Fight For Independence And Racial Equality Essay1240 Words   |  5 Pages Racism The definition of racism is the belief that all members of each race possess characteristics or abilities specific to that race, especially to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races. Nelson Mandela an iconic figure for the black movement once said â€Å"No one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin, or his background, or his religion. People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturallyRead MoreReparations For Slavery During The Civil War1712 Words   |  7 PagesReconstruction Era after the Civil War many freed slaves were promised 40 acres of land, as a form of reparations.(Staff www.The Root.com) However, this became an empty promise and nothing was enforced to help African Americans become socially, economically, or politically leveled with white Americans since. African Americans were enslaved to work for big corporations and never received any form of wages after t he abolishment of slavery. Businesses that thrived off slave labor continued to succeed after the SlaveryRead More The Development of Racism Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe Development of Racism Slaverys twin legacies to the present are the social and economic inferiority it conferred upon blacks and the cultural racism it instilled in whites. Both continue to haunt our society. Therefore, treating slaverys enduring legacy is necessarily controversial. Unlike slavery, racism is not over yet. (Loewen 143) Racism can be defined as any set of beliefs, which classifies humanity into distinct collectives, defined in terms of natural and/or cultural attributesRead MoreCultural Exchange Between Europeans And Native Americans957 Words   |  4 PagesThe one most historically significant effect of the cultural exchange between Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans is racism. Racism is such a huge effect from this cultural exchange because the Europeans and Native Americans relationship was ruined by the Europeans thinking they were superior to them, the Europeans turned to Africans for trade as well as labor to build their society in the Americas knowing that they were lesser than themselves, and finally Europeans could build a new worldRead MoreU.s. Slavery Reparations972 Words   |  4 PagesShould African Americans Receive Reparations? Racism and hate have played a major role in United States history. These words have been the fuel behind slavery, inhuman treatment, and genocides. The Kosovo, Native Americans, Japanese, and African Americans are some of the prominent races that have been affected by racism and hate. The U.S. have given reparations to the victims of Kosovo, Native American, and Japanese, but no reparation have been given to African Americans. For fiveRead MoreThe Impact of the Slave Trade on Africa1298 Words   |  5 PagesPrior to the Atlantic Slave trade, African way of life was well developed and prosperous in all aspects including their political, economic, cultural, and societal organizations. According to the documentary â€Å"King and City† the political structure in Africa included royal officials, royal slaves, and noblemen, along with a constitutional monarchy and a judicial system. The judicial system was made up of two courts, the court of first instance and the co urt of appeal directly to the king also knownRead MoreNegative Impact Of Racism In America1702 Words   |  7 Pages In American history one of the greatest issues that people face everyday is racism. To some this may seem like a bold word and they wouldn’t exactly use this to define their actions, but belittling someone because of their skin color or physical attributes and making oneself feel superior by doing so is exactly what racism is. The dictionary definition states, â€Å" Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one s own race is superiorRead MoreThe Atlantic Slave Trade Does Still Impact Racism Today1164 Words   |  5 PagesThe Atlantic slave trade does still impact racism today in the US. The struggles over slavery gave a civil war, segregation, Jim Crow laws, and finally a civil rights movement to help us move forward and progress. Many scholars argue that slavery created racism, in the artificial categories of black and white. Racism was created, at least in large part, to justify slavery. To dumb it down for people who really don t understand is racism is basically racial prejudice or discrimination. Some may

The Things They Carried By Tim O Brien - 1133 Words

Grigory Levadnyy Mr. Collins American Lit Honors 25 March, 2015 20th century soldier In the novel â€Å"The Things They Carried written by Tim O’Brien, the author destroys the stereotypical archetype of the warrior in shining armor bravely fighting for the good of his country. O’Brien presents the soldiers who openly express their fears, homesickness, and regrets. He discusses the physical and emotional burdens that come comes along with war. The â€Å"things† that soldiers carry are both literal and figurative. They carry sentimental items to remind them of home such as amulets, weapons, survival gear, and even emotional wounds, also they carry grief, longing, terror, and most prevalently, guilt. In The Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien, the burdens on these soldiers revealed the author’s opinion of how soldiers in Vietnam defines the soldier archetype. The mental burden that probably weighs the most on the hearts of the men is fear. This fear comes from many sources. The men are constantly haunted by the fea r that they may die. Ted Lavender’s death and how the men react to it show its impact on the soldiers. Kiowa expresses the sense of weight that the threat of death has on the men when he describes Lavender’s as â€Å"boom down, he said. Like cement† (O’Brien 6). Something massive and heavy in both physical, as well as emotional ways. Lavender’s death is repeated several times throughout the story. The repetition is used in order to emphasize the fear in the men. This sceneShow MoreRelatedThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien892 Words   |  4 PagesThe Vietnam War was a long, exhausting, and traumatic experience for all of the soldiers and those who came with them. The Things They Carried, by Tim O Brien illustrates the different affects the war had on a variety of people: Jacqueline Navarra Rhoads, a former nurse during the Vietnam war, demonstrates these effects within her own memoir in the book, The Forgotten Veterans. Both sources exemplify many tribulations, while sharing a common thread of suffering from mental unpredictability. DesensitizationRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1377 Words   |  6 Pageslove to have it as good as we do. Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried discusses many veterans who experience the burden of shame and guilt daily due to their heroic actions taken during the Vietnam War. The book shows you how such a war can change a man before, during, and after it’s over.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As I reflect on the many conflicts America has been a part of, none can compare to the tragedies that occurred in The Vietnam war. As told in The Things They Carried (O’Brien), characters such as NormanRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthe theme pertains to everyone regardless of their background. It conveys the same ideas to people from all across our society. Lastly, a classic is timeless, which means it has transcended the time in which it was written. In Tim O’Brien’s novel, The Things They Carried, he offers a new, intriguing way to view war or just life in general and also meets all of the crucial requirements mentioned above to qualify it as a book of literary canon. Though this book is technically a war novel, many peopleRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1242 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Tim O’Brien is obsessed with telling a true war story. O Brien s fiction about the Vietnam experience suggest, lies not in realistic depictions or definitive accounts. As O’Brien argues, absolute occurrence is irrelevant because a true war story does not depend upon that kind of truth. Mary Ann’s induction into genuine experience is clearly destructive as well as empowering† (p.12) Tim O’s text, The Things they Carried, details his uses of word choice to portray his tone and bias. Tim O’BrienRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1169 Words   |  5 Pagesbut are set in the past and borrows things from that time period. A story that fits this genre of literature is The Things They Carried. The story is about Tim O Brien, a Vietnam veteran from the Unite States, who tells stories about what had happ ened when he and his team were stationed in Vietnam. He also talks about what he felt about the war when he was drafted and what he tried to do to avoid going to fight in Vietnam. The Things They Carried by Tim O Brien was precise with its portrayal of settingRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1004 Words   |  5 Pages Tim O’Brien is a veteran from of the Vietnam War, and after coming home from his duty he decided to be a writer. His work â€Å"The Things They Carried† is about a group of soldiers that are fighting in the Vietnam War. The first part of the story talks mostly about physical items that each soldier carries, and also mentions the weight of the items as well. Though, there is one exception to the list of physical things. Lieutenant Cross is a character of the story, and Tim O’ Brien quickly states theRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien896 Words   |  4 PagesTrouble without a doubt is what First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross c arried around his shoulders because he was out in war, where mistakes happen. Lost and unknown of his surroundings he had to lead his men into safety, while destroying anything they found. First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross only holds onto one thing for hope and that is Martha, the woman who he hopes is a virgin to come back to. Tim O’ Brien introduces symbolism by adding a character that has a meaning of purity and a pebble, which symbolizesRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesSummary: â€Å"By and large they carried these things inside, maintaining the masks of composure† (21). In Tim O’brien’s The Things They Carried, the American soldiers of the Vietnam War carry much more than the weight of their equipment, much more than souvenirs or good-luck charms or letters from home. They carried within themselves the intransitive burdens—of fear, of cowardice, of love, of loneliness, of anger, of confusion. Most of all, they carry the truth of what happened to them in the war—aRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1369 Words   |  6 PagesMany authors use storytelling as a vehicle to convey the immortality of past selves and those who have passed to not only in their piece of literature but in their life as an author. In Tim O’Brien’s work of fiction The Things They Carried, through his final chapter â€Å"The Lives of the Dead,† O Brien conveys that writing is a matter of survival since, the powers of s torytelling can ensure the immortality of all those who were significant in his life. Through their immortality, O’Brien has the abilityRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1407 Words   |  6 Pages       Our introduction stated that in â€Å"The Things They Carried,† author Tim O’Brien tells us not directly of the soldiers of Vietnam, or the situations they find themselves in, but about the things they carry on their shoulders and in their pockets. These â€Å"things† identify the characters and bring them to life.   I find that to be true as the author unfolds the stories about war and the uncommon things one carries in to war both inadvertently and on purpose.  Ã‚  Ã‚  As it was noted: Stories about war –

Effects of Wolf Predation Free Essays

This paper discusses four hypotheses to explain the effects of wolf predation on prey populations of large ungulates. The four proposed hypotheses examined are the predation limiting hypothesis, the predation regulating hypothesis, the predator pit hypothesis, and the stable limit cycle hypothesis. There is much research literature that discusses how these hypotheses can be used to interpret various data sets obtained from field studies. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Wolf Predation or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was concluded that the predation limiting hypothesis fit most study cases, but that more research is necessary to account for multiple predator – multiple prey The effects of predation can have an enormous impact on the ecological organization and structure of communities. The processes of predation affect virtually every species to some degree or another. Predation can be defined as when members of one species eat (and/or kill) those of another species. The specific type of predation between wolves and large ungulates involves carnivores preying on herbivores. Predation can have many possible effects on the interrelations of populations. To draw any correlations between the effects of these predator-prey interactions requires studies of a long duration, and tatistical analysis of large data sets representative of the populations as a whole. Predation could limit the prey distribution and decrease abundance. Such limitation may be desirable in the case of pest species, or undesirable to some individuals as with game animals or endangered species. Predation may also act as a major selective force. The effects of predator prey coevolution can explain many evolutionary adaptations in both predator and prey species. The effects of wolf predation on species of large ungulates have proven to be controversial and elusive. There have been many different odels proposed to describe the processes operating on populations influenced by wolf predation. Some of the proposed mechanisms include the predation limiting hypothesis, the predation regulating hypothesis, the predator pit hypothesis, and the stable limit cycle hypothesis (Boutin 1992). The purpose of this paper is to assess the empirical data on population dynamics and attempt to determine if one of the four hypotheses is a better model of the effects of wolf predation on ungulate population densities. The predation limiting hypothesis proposes that predation is the primary factor that limits prey density. In this non- equilibrium model recurrent fluctuations occur in the prey population. This implies that the prey population does not return to some particular equilibrium after deviation. The predation limiting hypothesis involves a density independent mechanism. The mechanism might apply to one prey – one predator systems (Boutin 1992). This hypothesis predicts that losses of prey due to predation will be large enough to Many studies support the hypothesis that predation limits prey density. Bergerud et al. (1983) concluded from their study of the interrelations of wolves and moose in the Pukaskwa National Park that olf predation limited, and may have caused a decline in, the moose population, and that if wolves were eliminated, the moose population would increase until limited by some other regulatory factor, such as food availability. However, they go on to point out that this upper limit will not be sustainable, but will eventually lead to resource depletion and population decline. Seip (1992) found that high wolf predation on caribou in the Quesnel Lake area resulted in a decline in the population, while low wolf predation in the Wells Gray Provincial Park resulted in a slowly increasing population. Wolf predation at the Quesnel Lake area remained high despite a fifty percent decline in the caribou population, indicating that mortality due to predation was not density-dependent within this range of population densities. Dale et al. (1994), in their study of wolves and caribou in Gates National Park and Preserve, showed that wolf predation can be an important limiting factor at low caribou population densities, and may have an anti-regulatory effect. They also state that wolf predation may affect the distribution and abundance of caribou populations. Bergerud and Ballard (1988), in their interpretation of the Nelchina caribou herd case history, said that during and immediately following a reduction in the wolf population, calf recruitment increased, which should result in a future caribou population increase. Gasaway et al. (1983) also indicated that wolf predation can sufficiently increase the rate of mortality in a prey population to prevent the population’s increase. Even though there has been much support of this hypothesis, Boutin (1992) suggests that â€Å"there is little doubt that predation is a limiting factor, but in cases where its magnitude has been measured, t is no greater than other factors such as hunting. † A second hypothesis about the effects of wolf predation is the predation regulating hypothesis, which proposes that predation regulates prey densities around a low-density equilibrium. This hypothesis fits an equilibrium model, and assumes that following deviation, prey populations return to their pre-existing equilibrium levels. This predator regulating hypothesis proposes that predation is a density-dependent mechanism affecting low to intermediate prey densities, and a density-independent mechanism at high prey densities. Some research supports predation as a regulating mechanism. Messier (1985), in a study of moose near Quebec, Canada, draws the conclusion that wolf-ungulate systems, if regulated naturally, stabilize at low prey and low predator population densities. In Messier’s (1994) later analysis, based on twenty-seven studies where moose were the dominant prey species of wolves, he determined that wolf predation can be density-dependent at the lower range of moose densities. This result demonstrates that predation is capable of regulating ungulate populations. Even so, according to Boutin (1992) ore studies are necessary, particularly at high moose densities, to determine if predation is regulatory. A third proposal to model the effects of wolf predation on prey populations is the predator pit hypothesis. This hypothesis is a multiple equilibria model. It proposes that predation regulates prey densities around a low-density equilibrium. The prey population can then escape this regulation once prey densities pass a certain threshold. Once this takes place, the population reaches an upper equilibrium. At this upper equilibrium, the prey population densities re regulated by competition for (and or availability of) food. This predator pit hypothesis assumes that predator losses are density-dependent at low prey densities, but inversely density-dependent at high prey densities. Van Ballenberghe (1985) states that wolf population regulation is needed when a caribou herd population declines and becomes trapped in a predator pit, wherein predators are able to prevent caribou populations from increasing. The final model that attempts to describe the effects of predation on prey populations is the stable limit cycle hypothesis. This hypothesis proposes that vulnerability of prey to predation depends on past environmental conditions. According to this theory, individuals of a prey population born under unfavorable conditions are more vulnerable to predation throughout their adult lives than those born under favorable conditions. This model would produce time lags between the proliferation of the predator and the prey populations, in effect generating recurring cycles. Boutin (1992) states that if this hypothesis is correct, the effects of food availability (or the lack of) should be more subtle than outright starvation. Relatively severe inters could have long- term effects by altering growth, production, and vulnerability. Thompson and Peterson (1988) reported that there are no documented cases of wolf predation imposing a long-term limit on ungulate populations independent of environmental influences. They also point out that summer moose calf mortality was high whether predators were present or not, and that snow conditions during the winter affected the vulnerability of calves to predation. Messier (1994) asserts that snow accumulation during consecutive winters does not create a cumulative impact on the nutritional status of deer and All of the four proposed theories mentioned above could describe the interrelationships between the predation of wolves and their usual north american prey of large ungulate species. There has been ample evidence presented in the primary research literature to support any one of the four potential models. The predation limiting hypothesis seems to enjoy wide popular support, and seems to most accurately describe most of the trends observed in predator-prey populations. Most researchers seem to think that more specific studies need to be conducted to find an ideal model of the effects of predation. Bergerud and Ballard (1988) stated â€Å"A simple numbers argument regarding prey:predator ratios overlooks the complexities in multi-predator-prey systems that can involve surplus killing, additive predation between predators, enhancement and interference between predator species, switch over between prey species, and a three-fold variation in food consumption rates by wolves. † Dale et al. (1994) stated that further knowledge of the factors affecting prey switching, such as density-dependent changes in vulnerability within and between prey species, and further knowledge of wolf population response is needed o draw any firm conclusions. Boutin (1992) also proposed that the full impact of predation has seldom been measured because researchers have concentrated on measuring losses of prey to wolves only. Recently, bear predation on moose calves has been found to be substantial, but there are few studies which examine this phenomenon (Boutin 1992). Messier (1994) also pointed out that grizzly and black bears may be important predators of moose calves during the summer. Seip (1992), too, states that bear predation was a significant cause of adult caribou mortality. How to cite Effects of Wolf Predation, Essay examples

Methodology in Project Management-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Define what a Methodology is and the role it serves in Project Management. 2.Choose two Methodologies from this list to Compare and Contrast. 3.Discuss about the Processes relate to the Project Life Cycle (PLC). Answers: 1.The project methodology is based on handling the planning, execution, controlling and working on the team to achieve the goals with meeting the specific changes and the criteria. The project is based on producing the unique product along with services defined approach with the time constrains. The management needs to work on the project documentation with development process based on scope, time and the budget. The project management gets enhanced with the use of methodology as there are proper planning, designing, monitoring and then controlling all the engineering projects with the agile project management which focus on the adaptability to change the situations with consistent feedback from the clients. (Mayo et al., 2016). The chain for the project management is also for the defined resources, with the planning based on coordinating and working over the limited standards to execute the project 2.The waterfall project management is to handle the things with the concepts and the quality, where there is a defined assurance and the project completion. There is a need to maintain and work on the plans till there are no alterations needed. This methodology focus on the planning and then predict all the important processes. (Arthur et al., 2017). The agile project management has been to handle the different situations with the consistent feedback where the clients come with particular feedback for the members. The idea is about handling the clients and the management with proper production, that results in the change of the requirements with shift in the team assignments as well. The ideal process is for the new and similar smaller projects that are related to the accelerated development patterns. 3.The waterfall is related to the gathering of the documents, with proper approach and defined schedules, designing, code and the unit tests. (Vijaysarathy et al., 2016). This brings a change in the performance of the user acceptance testing, along with fixing the issues, with delivering the finished products as well. The representation is about how to review and approve the customer designing before it begins, where the waterfall works with the developments and the customers who agree on what needs to be delivered. Along with this, there is a proper designing and the planning, progress is measured with the scope to work. The development in the team with the involvement of the work is set with the active phase and the documentation is through coding. (Brinker et al., 2016). The exceptions are related to the reviews, status meetings and the presence of the customers. The designing is completed with the development where the approach is about handling the multiple software components. The agile methodology is for the team based approach with the focus on the rapid devoir and the application. The time boxed advantage is set into phases were the sprints are in defined duration to work and set the deliverables in a planned manner. For the project lifecycle, the customer has a very frequent way to handle the opportunities to work on what the decisions need to be set and how the customer is able to bring the strong sense of ownership with working on the project teams as well. The development is focused with the frequent directions that comes from the side of customer. The higher degree of the customer involvement with the project requirements where the development is dedicated to the project on the time boxed delivery and the reprioritization. There are items which are then allocated in a set timeframe. The additional prints are found to be handling the project costs with the involvement of the customer in a overall time and cost. The Agile development leads to the met hod of refactoring with the scope that includes the initial architecture and the designing. the system can easily hold the reduction with the quality that is pronounced on the large scale. (Larson et al., 2016). References Arthur, J. D., Dabney, J. B. (2017, April). Applying standard independent verification and validation (IVV) techniques within an Agile framework: Is there a compatibility issue?. InSystems Conference (SysCon), 2017 Annual IEEE International(pp. 1-5). IEEE. Brinker, K. R., Marcolina, R. C. (2016, November). A LESSON IN CONFLICT MITIGATION: INTEGRATING DIVERGENT DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES. InInternational Telemetering Conference Proceedings. International Foundation for Telemetering. Larson, D., Chang, V. (2016). A review and future direction of agile, business intelligence, analytics and data science.International Journal of Information Management,36(5), 700-710. Mayo, D. B., Johnson, T. C. (2016). Software Systems Engineering and Rapid Development Methods. Vijayasarathy, L. R., Butler, C. W. (2016). Choice of software development methodologies: Do organizational, project, and team characteristics matter?.IEEE Software,33(5), 86-94.